Introduction to Determiners
Determiners (ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରକ) are words that come before nouns (ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ) to introduce them and provide specific information about them. They are a type of pre-modifier in a noun phrase (ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ).
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: Determiners ହେଉଛନ୍ତି noun phrase ର ଆଗରେ ଆସୁଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦ। ସେମାନେ noun କୁ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରନ୍ତି ଏବଂ ତାହା ବିଷୟରେ ସୂଚନା ଦିଅନ୍ତି।
Types of Determiners
Before understanding their order, let's recall the main types of determiners:
- Articles (ଉପପଦ):
a,an(indefinite),the(definite). (from [[2]]) - Demonstratives (ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶକ):
this,that,these,those. (from [[2]]) - Possessives (ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧବାଚକ):
my,your,his,her,its,our,their, and nominal possessives likeRaja's. (from [[5]]) - Numerals (ସଂଖ୍ୟାବାଚକ):
- Cardinals (ଗଣନାବାଚକ):
one,two,three, etc. (from [[4]], [[8]]) - Ordinals (କ୍ରମବାଚକ):
first,second,last,next, etc. (from [[4]], [[8]])
- Cardinals (ଗଣନାବାଚକ):
- Quantifiers (ପରିମାଣବାଚକ):
many,much,few,a few,little,a little,some,any,all,both,every,each,enough,more,less,a lot of, etc. (from [[4]], [[5]], [[8]]) - Distributives (ବିତରକ):
each,every,either,neither. (from [[5]]) - Wh-determiners (ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ):
which,whose,what. (from [[5]])
Sequence and Order of Determiners
When more than one determiner is used in a noun phrase, they follow a definite and fixed order. We cannot change this order. (from [[1]])
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଗୋଟିଏ noun phrase ରେ ଏକାଧିକ determiner ବ୍ୟବହାର ହୋଇପାରେ, କିନ୍ତୁ ସେମାନେ ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ କ୍ରମରେ ରହିଥାନ୍ତି। ଆମେ ଏହି କ୍ରମକୁ ବଦଳାଇ ପାରିବା ନାହିଁ।
Determiners can generally be categorized into three positions within a noun phrase:
-
Pre-determiners (ପୂର୍ବ-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରକ): These come before other determiners. Examples include quantifiers like
all,both,half,such. (from [[3]], [[4]], [[1]]) ଓଡ଼ିଆ: Pre-determiners ହେଉଛନ୍ତି କିଛି determiner ଯାହା ଅନ୍ୟ determiner ମାନଙ୍କ ଆଗରେ ଆସନ୍ତି, ଯେପରିକି 'all', 'both', 'half', 'such'। -
Central Determiners (ମୁଖ୍ୟ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରକ): These form the core of the determiner sequence. This category includes Articles (
a,an,the), Demonstratives (this,that,these,those), Possessives (my,his,Raja's), and Wh-determiners (which,whose,what). (from [[2]], [[5]]) ଓଡ଼ିଆ: Central Determiners ହେଉଛନ୍ତି articles, demonstratives, possessives, ଏବଂ wh-determiners। -
Post-determiners (ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଧାରକ): These come after central determiners. This group includes Ordinals (
first,last), Cardinals (one,two), and many Quantifiers (many,few,each,every). (from [[4]], [[5]], [[8]]) ଓଡ଼ିଆ: Post-determiners ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ordinals, cardinals, ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟ କିଛି quantifiers।
General Order Flow
Specific Order Examples (from [[1]])
Let's look at some common combinations and their correct order:
- Possessive + Cardinal:
My two sons - Possessive + Ordinal + Cardinal:
My last two sons - Quantifier (Pre-determiner) + Possessive (Central) + Cardinal (Post-determiner):
All my two sons - Quantifier (Pre-determiner) + Possessive / Article (Central):
Both my sons,Both the sons such(Pre-determiner) + Indefinite Article (Central):such a bird
Worked Examples
Problem 1: Correct the error in the following sentence: "The two last boys in the queue came late."
Solution: The correct order for numerals is Ordinal (first, last) before Cardinal (one, two). (from [[1]], [[8]])
Incorrect: The two last boys
Correct: The last two boys (Article + Ordinal + Cardinal)
Problem 2: Correct the error in the following sentence: "His all sisters are doctors."
Solution: The quantifier all is a pre-determiner and should come before the possessive his (a central determiner). (from [[1]])
Incorrect: His all sisters
Correct: All his sisters (Quantifier + Possessive)
Problem 3: Correct the error in the following sentence: "My both sons are in school now."
Solution: The quantifier both is a pre-determiner and should come before the possessive my (a central determiner). (from [[1]])
Incorrect: My both sons
Correct: Both my sons (Quantifier + Possessive)