Adverbs with Special Meanings and Comparison

Adverbs with Special Meanings

ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଏହି ବିଭାଗରେ, ଆମେ କିଛି ବିଶେଷଣ ବିଷୟରେ ଜାଣିବା ଯାହାକି ବିଶେଷଣ ପରି ଦେଖାଯାଏ, ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ବିଶେଷଣ ଯାହାକି ଅନ୍ୟ ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ କରେ କିମ୍ବା ପୂରା ବାକ୍ୟ ବିଷୟରେ ଏକ ମତ ଦିଏ।

Adverbs with the Same Form as Adjectives

Some words can function both as an adjective (describing a noun) and an adverb (describing a verb, adjective, or another adverb) without changing their form. It's important to understand the context (ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ) to identify their role.

Examples:

• Fast:
  • Adjective: It is a fast train. (describes 'train')
  • Adverb: This train goes fast. (describes 'goes') [[3]]
• Hard:
  • Adjective: He is a hard worker. (describes 'worker')
  • Adverb: He works hard. (describes 'works') [[3]]
• Near:
  • Adjective: His house is very near. (describes 'house')
  • Adverb: Our examination is drawing near. (describes 'drawing') [[5]]

Other such words include late, monthly, better, well, daily, weekly, early, high, low, last, long, straight, wide, worse, right, wrong, far, inside, outside, etc. [[3]], [[8]]

Adverbs of Degree

These adverbs tell us the intensity (ତୀବ୍ରତା) or extent (ପରିମାଣ) of an action, adjective, or another adverb. They make the meaning stronger or weaker. [[4]]

Common Adverbs of Degree: very, absolutely, not at all, fairly, quite, rather, enough.

Examples:

• It is very cold today. (modifies adjective 'cold') [[4]]
• They are absolutely right. (modifies adjective 'right') [[4]]
• We won the match quite easily. (modifies adverb 'easily') [[8]]
• He can run very fast. (modifies adverb 'fast') [[8]]
• This house is not big enough for us. (modifies adjective 'big', enough comes after the adjective/adverb it modifies) [[8]]

Sentence Adverbs

Sentence adverbs express the speaker's viewpoint (ଦୃଷ୍ଟିକୋଣ) or opinion (ମତ) about the entire sentence or the idea expressed in it. [[8]]

Common Sentence Adverbs: luckily, unfortunately, of course, certainly, probably, in fact, really, possibly, perhaps, naturally.

Examples:

• Luckily, no one was hurt. [[8]]
• Unfortunately, he lost the chance. [[8]]
• We can certainly raise the issue. [[8]]

Comparison of Adverbs

ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଅନେକ ବିଶେଷଣକୁ ତିନୋଟି ରୂପରେ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଇପାରିବ: ସକାରାତ୍ମକ (positive), ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ (comparative), ଏବଂ ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ (superlative)। ଏହି ବିଭାଗରେ ଆମେ ଏହି ତୁଳନାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ କିପରି ଗଠନ କରିବା ତାହା ଶିଖିବା।

Just like adjectives, many adverbs have three forms for comparison: the positive (ମୂଳ ରୂପ), the comparative (ତୁଳନାତ୍ମକ ରୂପ), and the superlative (ସର୍ବୋତ୍କୃଷ୍ଟ ରୂପ). [[1]]

Example:

• Positive: I can run fast.
• Comparative: I can run faster than you.
• Superlative: I can run the fastest of all. [[1]]

We form the comparative and superlative forms in the following ways:

1. For most adverbs ending in -ly (formed from adjectives): We use more for the comparative and most for the superlative. [[1]]

   | Positive | Comparative | Superlative | | :---------- | :------------ | :------------ | | cleverly | more cleverly | most cleverly | | slowly | more slowly | most slowly | | quickly | more quickly | most quickly |

2. For some adverbs that have the same form as adjectives: We add -er for the comparative and -est for the superlative. [[1]]

   | Positive | Comparative | Superlative | | :------- | :---------- | :---------- | | fast | faster | fastest | | early | earlier | earliest | | hard | harder | hardest | | near | nearer | nearest |

3. Irregular Comparisons: A few adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms that must be memorized. [[1]]

   | Positive | Comparative | Superlative | | :------- | :----------------- | :----------------- | | well | better | best | | badly | worse | worst | | far | farther / further | farthest / furthest | | little | less | least | | much | more | most |

Worked Example:

Question: Identify the adverb and its form of comparison in the following sentence: "She sang better today than yesterday."

Solution:

1. The adverb is "better".
2. It describes how she sang (the verb 'sang').
3. Comparing "today" and "yesterday" indicates a comparative form.
4. From the irregular comparison list, better is the comparative form of well.

Therefore, "better" is an adverb in its comparative form. [[1]], [[5]]