Understanding a Project (ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପକୁ ବୁଝିବା)
ଏକ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ହେଉଛି ଏକ ଯୋଜନାବଦ୍ଧ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଯାହା ଏକ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ହାସଲ କରିବା ପାଇଁ କରାଯାଏ। ଏହା ଏକ ଦଳଗତ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଅଟେ ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ମୂଲ୍ୟାୟନ ମଧ୍ୟ ସାମିଲ ଥାଏ।
A project (ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ) is a method that helps us move from an idea to action through various stages. It is often a product of collective activity (ସାମୂହିକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ) and necessarily involves evaluation (ମୂଲ୍ୟାୟନ) to link the idea with the action. John Dewey's "learning by doing" theory highlights the importance of projects in education [[1]]. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a project as "An individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and designed to achieve a particular aim" [[2]].
To begin any project, we must ask three fundamental questions: What do we need to do? Why do we need to do it? How will we do it? [[2]]
Steps for Conducting a Project (ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ପରିଚାଳନା ପାଇଁ ପଦକ୍ଷେପ)
ଏକ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପକୁ ସଫଳତାର ସହ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ନିମ୍ନଲିଖିତ ସାତୋଟି ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ଅନୁସରଣ କରାଯାଏ। ପ୍ରତ୍ୟେକ ପଦକ୍ଷେପ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଏବଂ ପରସ୍ପର ସହିତ ଜଡିତ।
Here are the seven essential steps to conduct a project:
Step 1: Discuss the Theme and Write the Background (ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ ଆଲୋଚନା କରି ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ)
Your project team should discuss the project's theme (ବିଷୟବସ୍ତୁ) with your teacher's help. Then, write a background (ପୃଷ୍ଠଭୂମି) of the project (60-70 words). This explains why the project is important and what led you to choose this topic. [[1]]
Step 2: Write the Project Statement (ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ବିବୃତ୍ତି ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ)
Formulate a clear project statement (ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ ବିବୃତ୍ତି). This statement should explain in a maximum of five sentences what your project is about (around 50 words). It's the core idea of your project. [[1]]
Step 3: State the Objectives (ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରନ୍ତୁ)
Clearly state the objective(s) (ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ) of your project. This answers the question "Why do you want to conduct this project?" (around 50 words). For example, if your project is about improving English words, an objective might be "to find out what our problems are with words" [[1]], [[3]].
Step 4: State the Procedure and Materials (ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ ଏବଂ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରନ୍ତୁ)
Describe the procedure (ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ) you will follow to conduct the project. Also, list all the materials (ସାମଗ୍ରୀ) you will need (around 50 words). This outlines the "how" of your project. [[1]]
Step 5: Collect Materials and Write the Report (ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରି ରିପୋର୍ଟ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ)
Collect all necessary materials and follow the procedure you outlined. This is the main phase of your project where you gather information or perform tasks. Then, write your detailed project report (around 450 words). [[1]]
Step 6: Write the Conclusion (ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ ଲେଖନ୍ତୁ)
Complete your report with a conclusion (ସିଦ୍ଧାନ୍ତ) that includes your assessment (ମୂଲ୍ୟାୟନ) of the project (around 50 words). This section summarizes your findings and what you achieved. [[3]]
Step 7: Give a Catchy Title (ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ଶୀର୍ଷକ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ)
Give your completed project a catchy title (ଆକର୍ଷଣୀୟ ଶୀର୍ଷକ) (10-15 words). The title must accurately reflect your work. [[3]]
Project Flow Diagram
Worked Example: Improving English Words
Let's consider the sample project from your textbook: "How to handle words better" [[3]].
- Background: In a class discussion, students identified problems in learning English, especially with words. They decided to take up a project on handling words better. [[3]]
- Project Statement: "Methods to handle words better." [[3]]
- Objectives: To find out (i) what problems students have with words, and (ii) how they can learn and use words better. [[3]]
- Procedure: Finding problems through questioning classmates, teachers, parents, and team discussion; listing problems; finding solutions. [[3]]
- Findings and Solutions: Through questionnaires and discussions, problems like spelling, meaning, and parts of speech were identified. Solutions included using dictionaries, spelling games, guessing meaning from context, and using glossaries. [[4]]
- Conclusion: Summarizes what was done, why, how, findings, and what more can be done. [[4]]
- Title: "English Words: Some of our Problems and some Solutions." [[4]]